H&P reflection

  • What differences do you note between the two H&Ps?

The last HPI is more concise compared to the first one.  The last H&P has a more detailed family history and social history. In the first H&P, the patient’s complaints from HPI are noted again in ROS. There is less repeating information on the third H&P.

  • In what ways has your history taking improved? Are you eliciting all the important information?

On my first hospital visit, I brought a checklist with me to remind myself about all the information I should obtain from the patient.  I still brought the list with me, but I found myself relying less on the list as we got more practice on hospital patients and during clinical correlation. I get more comfortable eliciting OLDCARTS components during HPI, asking PMH, surgical history, medications, family, and social history. I have become more familiar with each category of ROS. I need to keep in mind to always ask about patients’ reactions when they report an allergy. Also, there are more pertinent positives and negatives that I could have asked.

  • In what ways has writing an HPI improved?

It took me less time to write an HPI. For the first HPI, I spent a lot of time organizing all the information into a paragraph. It becomes easier because the first one can be used as a template.

  • What is your self-assessment of your current skill in performing a physical exam? Which areas do you feel strongest about/weakest about?

I am comfortable performing general inspection, skin, hair, nails, head, ear, sinuses, neck, part of the eye, chest and lung exams. I need more practice on heart exams, especially about identifying and describing murmurs. I also need to get more familiar with neuro exams since there are a lot of steps. I feel the weakest about fundoscopy. I practiced on patients and on family members; I can’t really see anything besides red reflex.

  • Which of the specific areas will you target as needing particular focus in future patient visits when you start the clinical year?

I need to ask the patient’s reaction to an allergen and try to rely less on the checklist for ROS. I would focus more on the physical exams that I am not too comfortable with; I need to practice more so I can perform a full physical exam in a coherent way.

Third H&P

Identifying Data:

Full Name: Ms. A. B

Address: Queens, NY

Date of Birth: 04/18/1966

Date & Time: 5/4/2021

Source of Information: Self

Reliability: Reliable

Source of Referral: Orthopedist

Chief Complaint: “I have a problem with my toe” for 10 years.

History of present Illness:

A 55-year-old female with PMH of osteoarthritis, asthma, HIV, and uterine fibroid presents to Preadmission Testing for her right foot surgery on 5/14. The surgery is for her osteoarthritis of the 1st MTP joint. The patient complains of right great toe pain and stiffness started10 years ago, and it’s getting worse in the past five years. The pain is described as aching, constant, and localized, with an intensity of 8/10. Pain is worse in the morning and at night before sleep. Pain can be alleviated by a muscle relaxer and made worse by walking and standing. She tries not to rely on muscle relaxer; the last dose was taken a week ago. The patient denies recent trauma, other muscle/joint pain, sensory change, fever, chills, chest pain, and SOB.

Past Medical History:

Uterine fibroid x 2 years

HIV x 11 years, CD4 count around 600, undetectable viral load (result from a month ago)

Asthma x 50 years, well controlled

Sleep apnea, resolved after gastric bypass and weight loss

Screening Test – Pap smear 2020, normal

Mammogram 2018, normal

Immunization up to date

Past Surgical History:

Cholecystectomy in 2010

Back surgery in Oct 2020

Gastric bypass in Nov 2020

Medications:

Biktarvy (bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide) PO once daily for HIV. Last dose was taken yesterday.

Unknown muscle relaxer for toe pain. Last dose was taken a week ago.

Albuterol nebulizer (albuterol sulfate) PRN for asthma. Haven’t used it in a long time.

Allergies:

Bactrim, sulfasalazine, crab and shellfish. Denied environmental allergy

Family History:

Mother – 80, alive and well

Father – 86, alive and well

Son – 29, alive and well

Uncle (maternal side) – Deceased at age 70, throat cancer

Denied family history of diabetes, heart disease, lung disease, gastrointestinal disease

Social History:

Ms. A.B is a single women living with her mother.

Habits – 4-pack year smoking history. Drinks a glass of wine occasionally (5 ounce). Denies history of substance abuse and illicit drug use. She drinks 1 cup of coffee daily.

Travel – Denies recent travel

Occupation – Customer service at tennis center

Sleep – sleeps well after gastric bypass and weight loss

Exercise – Not active due to osteoarthritis

Sexual Hx – Patient is sexually active with one male partner for the pass 10 years. Patient doesn’t use protection. Denies history of sexually transmitted disease.

Review of Systems:

General – Ms. A.B. lost 100lb after gastric bypass. Denies loss of appetite, generalized fatigue, fever and night sweats.

Skin – Denies new moles/rashes, change of skin texture, pigmentation, excess dryness or sweating, open wound, itchiness.

Head – Denies headache, light-headedness, recent head trauma, sinus pain or nasal congestion.

 Eyes – Wears bifocal glasses. Last eye exam in 2018. Denies other visual disturbances, photophobia, redness, discharge and tearing.

Ears – Denies deafness, pain, discharge, tinnitus or use of hearing aids.

Nose – Denies discharge, obstruction, epistaxis, loss of smell, recent trauma to nose, itchiness.

Mouth/throat – Last dental exam in Aug 2020, normal. Denies sore throat, bleeding gum, mouth ulcers, voice change or use of dentures.

Neck –Denies localized swelling/lumps, decreased range of motion.

Breast –Denies lumps, pain, and nipple discharge.

Pulmonary system – Denies cough, sputum, dyspnea, dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, wheezing, hemoptysis and cyanosis.

Cardiovascular system – Denies HTN, chest pain, palpitations, irregular heartbeat, syncope or known heart murmur.

Gastrointestinal system – Occasional diarrhea after gastric bypass. Denies loss of appetite, specific food intolerance, nausea or vomiting, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, dysphagia, hemorrhoids and jaundice.

Genitourinary system –Denies urinary frequency, urgency, oliguria and incontinence. Sexually active with one male partner. Patient doesn’t use protection. Denies history of STI.

Menstrual/Obstetrical – Uterine fibroid is monitored using ultrasound every year. G1 P1 (NSVD X1). Menarche age 13. Menopause at age 50. Denies abnormal vaginal discharge, itching, pain of vagina.

Nervous system – Denies seizure, weakness, sensory disturbances, memory change, and ataxia.

Musculoskeletal system – Osteoarthritis of 1st MTP joint on her right foot.

Hematological system –Denies history of clots, easy bruising or bleeding, anemia, blood transfusion, lymph node enlargement.

Endocrine system –Denies polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, heat or cold intolerance, goiter, excessive sweating or hirsutism.

Psychiatric –Denies history of depression, anxiety, feeling of helplessness, hopelessness, lack of interest in activity, suicidal thoughts, hallucination, and obsessive/compulsive disorder.

Physical Examination:

Vitals:

BP: 114/70, sitting. 110/70 supine

Pulse: 66, regular

RR: 18/min, unlabored

HT: 5’

WT: 192lb

BMI: 37.5

Temp: 98.6 F oral

Oxygen saturation: 98% room air

General – Ms. A.B is an obese women sitting up in bed, well groomed and in gown. No signs of acute distress. Appears her stated age.

Skin – Swelling around 1st MTP joint on her right foot. Skin is warm and dry. Good turgor. Nonicteric, no tattoos noted.

Hair – average quantity and distribution

Nails – no clubbing, capillary refill <2 seconds

Head – normocephalic, atraumatic, non-tender to palpation throughout

Ear – Symmetrical and appropriate in size. No lesions, masses, trauma on external ears. No discharge or foreign bodies in external auditory canals. TM is pearly white, intact with light reflex. Weber midline/Rinne reveals AC>BC in both ears.

Sinuses – Non-tender to palpation over bilateral frontal, ethmoid and maxillary sinuses

Eyes – Symmetrical OU, No strabismus, exophthalmos or ptosis. Sclera white, cornea clear, conjunctiva pink.

Visual acuity uncorrected – 20/50 OS, 20/60 OD, 20/40 OU

Visual fields full OU. PERRLA. EOMs intact with no nystagmus

Fundoscopy – Red reflex intact OU. Cup to disk ratio < 0.5OU. No AV nicking, hemorrhages, exudates or neovascularization OU.

Neck – Trachea midline. No masses, lesions, scars, pulsations noted. Supple; non-tender to palpation. FROM; no stridor noted. 2+ Carotid pulses, no thrills. Bruits noted bilaterally, no cervical adenopathy noted.

Thyroid – Non-tender. No palpable masses, no thyromegaly, no bruits noted

Chest –Symmetrical, no deformities, no trauma. Respirations unlabored/no paradoxic respirations or use of accessory muscles noted. Lat to AP diameter 2:1. Non-tender to palpation throughout

Lungs – Clear to auscultation and percussion bilaterally. Chest expansion and diaphragmatic excursion symmetrical. Tactile fremitus symmetric throughout. No adventitious sounds.

Heart – JVP is 3 cm above the sternal angle with the head of the bed at 30°. S1 and S2 are distinct with no murmurs, S3 or S4. No splitting of S2 or friction rubs appreciated.

PMI in 5th ICS in mid-clavicular line. Carotid pulses are 2+ bilaterally without bruits. Regular rate and rhythm (RRR).

Nose – Symmetrical, no masses, lesions, deformities, trauma, or discharge. Nares patent bilaterally. Nasal mucosa pink. No foreign bodies

Lips – Pink, moist, no cyanosis or lesions.

Mucosa – Pink, well hydrated, No masses; lesions noted. Non-tender to palpation. No leukoplakia.

Palate – Pink; well hydrated. Palate intact with no lesions, masses, scars.

Teeth – Good dentition. No obvious dental caries noted.

Gingivae – Pink, moist. No hyperplasia, masses, lesions, erythema or discharge.

Tongue – Pink, well papillated. No masses, lesions or deviation.

Oropharynx – Well hydrated. No injection, exudate, masses, lesions, foreign bodies. Tonsils present with no injection or exudate.  Uvula pink, no edema, lesions.

First H&P

Identifying Data:

Full Name: Mrs. T.B

Address: Queens, NY

Date of Birth: 7/22/1951

Date & Time: 3/16/2021

Source of Information: Self

Reliability: Reliable

Source of Referral: Self

Chief Complaint: “My arm is swollen after getting the COVID vaccine”. x 4 days

History of present Illness:

69 year old female with PMH of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and no history of COVID presented to ED with a 4 day history of pain and swelling of her left upper arm. The pain and swelling started 9 days after receiving her first dose of Moderna COVID vaccine. Swelling had begun around the injection site and expanded to include the entire lateral side of her left upper arm. Pain was described as dull, constant, and localized to the arm, with an intensity of 4/10. Patient didn’t take anything for the swelling, and nothing made it better or worse. She also reported rash over her chest that started on the first day of receiving her vaccine. She took Tylenol on the first day and the rash went away.  She also had chills, generalized fatigue and occasional headache since she got the vaccine. Denied fever, recent trauma, or recent exposure to allergens. No chest pain, palpitation and SOB. Patient stopped taking all her medications 4 days ago because she didn’t know if they will exacerbate the swelling or not.

Past Medical History:

Hypertension x 20 years, well controlled on medications

Hypercholesterolemia x 20 years, well controlled on medications

Constipation – 3 month ago

Immunization – Up to date including flu shot

Screening Test – Colonscopy 2019, one polyp was removed.

Mammogram 2018, found a nodule in left breast and was followed up with a biopsy, was a benign nodule and didn’t proceed to surgery

Past Surgical History:

Left breast biopsy in 2018

Medications:

Livalo (Pitavastatin) 2 mg PO once daily for hypercholesterolemia. Last dose taken on 3/12/2020

Cartia XT (Diltiazem hydrocholoride) 120 mg PO twice daily for hypertension. Last dose taken on 3/12/2020

Linzess (Linaclotide) PO once daily for constipation (patient doesn’t remember the dosage). Last dose taken on 3/12/2020

Multivitamin PO once daily for general health (patient doesn’t remember the dosage). Last dose taken on 3/12/2020

Allergies:

Sulfa, selfish, cats

Family History:

Mother – Deceased at age 93, natural causes. Had history of hypertension

Father – Deceased at age 85, kidney failure

Brother – 60, alive and diagnosed with leukemia

Daughter – 37, alive and well

Denies family history of diabetes

Social History:

Mrs. T.B is a married female living with her husband.

Habits – Denies alcohol and tobacco use. Denies history of substance abuse and illicit substance use. She drinks coffee occasionally.

Travel – Denies recent travel.

Sexual Hx – Not sexually active. Menopause at age 55. Denies history of sexually transmitted disease.

Review of Systems:

General – Generalized fatigue and chill after receiving COVID vaccine (x13 days)

Denies recent weight loss or gain, loss of appetite, fever and night sweats.

Skin – Erythema, pain and swelling of her left arm, started from injection site and expanded to the entire lateral side of her left upper arm (x4 days). Denies moles/rashes, change of skin texture, pigmentation, excess dryness or sweating, open wound, itchiness.

Head – Has headache once or twice a week since she got the COVID vaccine. Headache lasts about half hour each time, goes away on its own. Headache is occasional, around temporal and occipital areas, with an intensity of 2/10. Patient didn’t take anything for it, and nothing makes it worse. Denies light-headedness, recent head trauma, sinus pain or nasal congestion.

Eyes – Patient is myopic, wears glasses. Last eye exam on 10/27/2020, does not know her intraocular pressure or visual acuity. Denies other visual disturbances, photophobia, redness, discharge and tearing.

Ears – Patient notices constant tinnitus in both ears for a long time. Tinnitus doesn’t interfere with her daily life. Denies deafness, pain, discharge, or use of hearing aids.

Nose – Denies discharge, obstruction, epistaxis, loss of smell, recent trauma to nose, itchiness.

Mouth/throat – Last dental exam in Jan, 2021, normal. Denies sore throat, bleeding gum, mouth ulcers, voice change or use of dentures.

Neck –Denies localized swelling/lumps, decreased range of motion.

Breast – Benign nodule in left breast. Mammogram and biopsy of left breast done in 2018. Denies pain, and nipple discharge.

Pulmonary system – Denies cough, sputum, dyspnea, dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, wheezing, hemoptysis and cyanosis.

Cardiovascular system – HTN x 20 years. Hypercholesterolemia x20 years. Occasional edema/swelling of her ankles. Denies heart murmur, chest pain, palpitations, irregular heartbeat, syncope or known heart murmur.

Gastrointestinal system – Constipation 3 months ago. Occasional diarrhea. Colonoscopy done in 2019, one polyp was removed. Denies nausea or vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, dysphagia, hemorrhoids and jaundice.

Genitourinary system –Denies urinary frequency, urgency, oliguria and incontinence. Monogamous, not sexually active. Denies history of STI.

Menstrual/Obstetrical – G1 P1 (NSVD X1). Menarche age 15. Menopause at age 55. Denies abnormal vaginal discharge, itching, pain of vagina.

Nervous system – Denies seizure, weakness, sensory disturbances, memory change, and ataxia.

Musculoskeletal system – Pain and swelling of left upper arm x 4 days. Denies back pain, joint pain or varicose vein.

Hematological system –Denies history of clots, easy bruising or bleeding, anemia, blood transfusion, lymph node enlargement.

Endocrine system –Denies polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, heat or cold intolerance, goiter, excessive sweating or hirsutism.

Psychiatric –Denies history of depression, anxiety, feeling of helplessness, hopelessness, lack of interest in activity, suicidal thoughts, hallucination, and obsessive/compulsive disorder.

Physical Examination:

Vitals:

Temp: 36.7 degree C

BP: 146/83 sitting up

Pulse: 76, regular

RR: 18/min, unlabored

O2: 98% Room air

General – Slender female, sitting up in bed, well groomed and in gown.

Skin – Left upper arm is swelling and warm to the touch. Poor turgor. Nonicteric, no lesions noted, no scars, tattoos

Hair – average quantity and distribution

Nails – no clubbing, capillary refill <2 seconds

Head – normocephalic, atraumatic, non-tender to palpation throughout

Ear – Symmetrical and appropriate in size. No lesions, masses, trauma on external ears. No discharge or foreign bodies in external auditory canals. TM is pearly white, intact with light reflex. Weber midline/Rinne reveals AC>BC in both ears.

Nose – Symmetrical, no masses, lesions, deformities, trauma, or discharge. Nares patent bilaterally. Nasal mucosa pink. No foreign bodies

Sinuses – Non-tender to palpation over bilateral frontal, ethmoid and maxillary sinuses

Eyes – Symmetrical OU, No strabismus, exophthalmos or ptosis. Sclera white, cornea clear, conjunctiva pink.

Visual acuity corrected – 20/20 OS, 20/20 OD, 20/20 OU

Visual fields full OU. PERRLA. EOMs intact with no nystagmus

Fundoscopy – Red reflex intact OU. Cup to disk ratio < 0.5OU. No AV nicking, hemorrhages, exudates or neovascularization OU.

Lips – Pink, moist, no cyanosis or lesions.

Mucosa – Pink, well hydrated, No masses; lesions noted. Non-tender to palpation. No leukoplakia.

Palate – Pink; well hydrated. Palate intact with no lesions, masses, scars.

Teeth – Good dentition. No obvious dental caries noted.

Gingivae – Pink, moist. No hyperplasia, masses, lesions, erythema or discharge.

Tongue – Pink, well papillated. No masses, lesions or deviation.

Oropharynx – Well hydrated. No injection, exudate, masses, lesions, foreign bodies. Tonsils present with no injection or exudate.  Uvula pink, no edema, lesions.

Neck – Trachea midline. No masses, lesions, scars, pulsations noted. Supple; non-tender to palpation. FROM; no stridor noted. 2+ Carotid pulses, no thrills. Bruits noted bilaterally, no cervical adenopathy noted.

Thyroid – Non-tender. No palpable masses, no thyromegaly, no bruits noted

Chest –Symmetrical, no deformities, no trauma. Respirations unlabored/no paradoxic respirations or use of accessory muscles noted. Lat to AP diameter 2:1. Non-tender to palpation throughout

Lungs – Clear to auscultation and percussion bilaterally. Chest expansion and diaphragmatic excursion symmetrical. Tactile fremitus symmetric throughout. No adventitious sounds.

Heart – JVP is 2.5 cm above the sternal angle with the head of the bed at 30°. PMI in 5th ICS in mid-clavicular line. Carotid pulses are 2+ bilaterally without bruits. Regular rate and rhythm (RRR). S1 and S2 are distinct with no murmurs, S3 or S4. No splitting of S2 or friction rubs appreciated.

Abdomen – Flat and symmetric with no scars, striae, or pulsations noted. Bowel sounds normoactive in all four quadrants with no aortic/renal/iliac or femoral bruits. Non-tender to palpation and tympanic throughout, no guarding or rebound noted. Tympanic throughout, no hepatosplenomegaly to palpation, no CVA tenderness